Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Transient Analysis of a Shell Plate

The bracket is fixed to the wall through the top holes. The thickness of the plate is 0.1 inch.


According to the graph a 12N force in 0.005s is applied to the bottom left hole. The aim is to produce a graph of Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration of left bottom corner of bracket in terms of Time.  


1). To define the Element Type, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Element Type - Add/Edit/Delete. Element Types window appears. Click on Add button. Library of Element Types window appears. From left column select Shell and from right column select Elastic 4node 63 and click OK. 


SHELL63 is added to the Element Types window. Close the window. 


2). To define Element Properties, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Real Constants - Add/Edit/Delete. Real Constants window appears. Click on Add button. Then click OK. Real Constant Set Number 1, for SHELL63 window appears. In Shell thickness at node I box enter 0.1inch and click OK. 


Set 1 is added to the Real Constants list. Close this window.


3). To define Material Properties, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Material Props - Material Models. Define Material Model Behavior window appears. Click Structural - Linear - Elastic - Isotropic. Enter EX = 3e7 and PRXY = 0.3 and click OK.


To define density, in Define Material Model Behavior window click Structural - Density. Enter DENS = 0.00073 and click OK.




Close Define Material Model Behavior window. 




4). Before creating the Geometry we need to change the coordinate system. From Menu click WorkPlane - Offset WP by Increments. Offset WP window appears. In X,Y,Z Offsets box enter 0,3,-2 and click OK.



From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Areas - Rectangle - By Dimensions. Create Rectangle by Dimensions window appears. Enter X1 = -2 , X2 = 0, Y1 = 0, and Y2 = 2 and click OK.



From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Areas - Circle - By Dimensions. Circular Area by Dimensions window appears. Enter Outer radius = 1, Optional inner radius = 0, Starting angle (degrees) = 90, and Ending angle (degrees) = 180 and click OK.



Next we need to remove the circle from the rectangle. From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Operate - Booleans - Subtract - Areas. Subtract Areas window appears. Pick the rectangle and click OK. 


Then pick the circle and click OK. 



Then we need to move the coordinate system to the centre of the top left hole. From Menu click WorkPlane - Offset WP by Increments. Offset WP window appears. In X,Y,Z Offsets box enter -1.5,1.5,0 and click OK.



From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Areas - Circle - By Dimensions. Circular Area by Dimensions window appears. Enter Outer radius = 0.25/2, Optional inner radius = 0, Starting angle (degrees) = 0, and Ending angle (degrees) = 360 and click OK.



Next we need to remove the circle from the main area. From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Operate - Booleans - Subtract - Areas. Subtract Areas window appears. Pick the main area and click OK. 


Now pick the circle and click OK. 



To create the rest of the model we need to change the coordinate system. From Menu click WorkPlane - Offset WP by Increments. Offset WP window appears. In X,Y,Z Offsets box enter -0.5,0.5,0 and click OK.



From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Areas - Rectangle - By Dimensions. Create Rectangle by Dimensions window appears. Enter X1 = 0, X2 = 1, Y1 = -2, and Y2 = -5 and click OK. 



To create the curve end, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Keypoints - In Active CS. Create the following points: 51.(0,0,0), 52.(-0.5,0,0) and click OK. 




To create the end curve, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Operate - Extrude - Lines - About Axis. Sweep Lines about Axis window appears. Pick the line as shown in the figure and click OK. 


Next define the sweep axis. In the box enter the point numbers as 51 and 52 and click OK. 


Sweep Lines about Axis window appears. In Arc length in degrees box enter 45 and click OK. 



In next stage we need to combine all the areas. From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Operate - Booleans - Glue - Areas. Glue Areas window appears. Click on Pick All button. 


Now we want to mirror the geometry and the mesh about Y-Z plane. From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Reflect - Areas. Reflect Areas window appears. Pick the model and click OK. 


Reflect Areas window appears. Select Y-Z plane option. Click OK. 


Reflecting the geometry causes nodes, keypoints and rest of the model to overlap. In this situation we will encounter problems when applying boundary conditions and loading. To solve this problem, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Numbering Ctrls - Merge Items. Merge Coincident of Equivalently Defined Items window appears. From the top list select All and click OK. 


To create the rest of the model, from Menu click WorkPlane - Local Coordinate System - Create Local CS - At Specified Loc +. 


Create CS at Location window appears. In the box enter 0,0,0 and click OK. 


Create Local CS at Specified Location window appears. In Rotation about local X box enter -45 degree and click OK. 



Now we want to mirror the whole geometry about X-Z plane of new local coordinate system. From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Reflect - Areas. Reflect Areas window appears. Click Pick All button. 


Reflect Areas window appears. Select X-Z Plane option. Click OK. 



From Main Menu click Preprocessor - Numbering Ctrls - Merge Items. Merge Coincident of Equivalently Defined Items window appears. From the top list select All and click OK.


From Menu click Plot - Elements. 


5). To Mesh the model, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Meshing - Size Cntrls - ManualSize - Areas - All Areas. Element Sizes on All Selected Areas window appears. In Element edge length box enter 0.15inch and click OK. 


Then from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Meshing - Mesh - Areas - Free. Mesh Areas window appears. Click on Pick All button. 



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Transient Analysis Stage: 

6). From Main Menu click Solution - Analysis Type - New Analysis. New Analysis window appears. Select Transient option and click OK.



Transient Analysis window appears. Select Full option and click OK.


7). To apply Boundary Conditions, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Loads - Define Loads - Apply - Structural - Displacement - On Nodes. Apply U, ROT on Nodes window appears. Pick all the top holes nodes as shown in figure. Click OK. 



Apply U, ROT on Nodes window appears. From list select All DOF and click OK. 


8). To apply the Force to the left bottom hole, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Loads - Define Loads - Apply - Structural - Force/Moment - On Nodes. Apply F/M on Nodes window appears. From window select Circle option and pick all the hole edge nodes as shown in figure then click OK. 


Apply F/M on Nodes window appears. From first list select FY and in Force/moment value box enter -12/8 (8 is the number of hole edge nodes) and click OK.



9). We want to solve the problem in three steps. This is done according to the F(t) graph. The 3 steps are based on time interval of: 1.(0 - 0.005s) - 2.(0.005 - 0.01) - 3.(0.01 - 0.1seconds). Each step is called Load step.


Step 1: From Main Menu click Solution - Analysis Type - Sol'n Controls - Solution Controls window appears. In Basic tab, enter 0.005s in Time at end of load step box. From Automatic time stepping list select On. Select Time increment option. In Time step size box enter 0.0001. Then select All solution items option. From Frequency: list select Write every substep.


Enter Transient tab in Solution Controls window. Select Ramped loading option and click OK.


Now the information related to the first step of loading must be saved. To do this, from Main Menu click Solution - Load Step Opts - Write LS File. Write Load Step File window appears. In Load step file number box enter and click OK.


Step 2: For the second loading step in which the applied load reached 0, we must delete the applied load to the middle node. To do this from Main Menu click Solution - Define Loads - Delete - Structural - Force/Moment - On Nodes. Delete F/M on Nodes window appears. From window select Box option and pick all the hole edge nodes and click OK. 


Delete F/M on Nodes window appears. From list select FY and click OK.


From Main Menu click Solution - Analysis Type - Sol'n Controls - Solution Controls window appears. In Basic tab, in Time at end of loadstep box enter 0.01s and click OK.


Now the information related to the second step of loading must be saved. To do this, from Main Menu click Solution - Load Step Opts - Write LS File. Write Load Step File window appears. In Load step file number box enter and click OK. 


Step 3: From Main Menu click Solution - Analysis Type - Sol'n Controls - Solution Controls window appears. In Basic tab, in Time at end of loadstep box enter 0.1s and click OK.


Now the information related to the second step of loading must be saved. To do this, from Main Menu click Solution - Load Step Opts - Write LS File. Write Load Step File window appears. In Load step file number box enter and click OK. 


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Solution Stage:

From Main Menu click Solution - Solve - From LS Files.


Solved Load Step Files window appears. In Starting LS file number box enter 1 and in Ending LS file number box enter 3 and click OK.


Note window appears. Close the window.


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Displacement Graph: From Main Menu click TimeHist Postpro. Time History Variables window appears. Click on Add Data button.


Add Time-History Variable window appears. From Nodal Solution click DOF Solution - Y-Component of displacement and click OK.

Node for Data window appears. Pick left bottom corner of bracket and click OK.


In Time History Variables window click once on  UY_2 (Y-Component of displacement) then click on Graph Data button.



Velocity Graph: From Main Menu click TimeHist Postpro - Variable Viewer.


Time History Variables window appears. Delete UY_2(Y-Component of displacement) from list.


Then click on Add Data button.

Add Time-History Variable window appears. From Nodal Solution click Velocity Solution - Y-Component of velocity and click OK.


Node for Data window appears. Pick left bottom corner of bracket as shown in the figure and click OK. 


In Time History Variables window click once on VY_2 (Y-Component of velocity) and click on Graph Data button.



Acceleration Graph: From Main Menu click TimeHist Postpro - Variable Viewer.


Time History Variables window appears. Delete VY_2(Y-Component of velocity) from list. 


Then click on Add Data button. 

Add Time-History Variable window appears. From Nodal Solution click Acceleration Solution - Y-Component of acceleration and click OK. 


Node for Data window appears. Pick left bottom corner of bracket as shown in the figure and click OK. 


In Time History Variables window click once on AY_2 (Y-Component of acceleration) and click on Graph Data button.